abstract：:Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are required to establish immune tolerance to commensal microbes. Tregs accumulate abruptly in the skin during a defined window of postnatal tissue development. However, the mechanisms mediating Treg migration to neonatal skin are unknown. Here we show that hair follicle (HF) development fac...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Scharschmidt TC,Vasquez KS,Pauli ML,Leitner EG,Chu K,Truong HA,Lowe MM,Sanchez Rodriguez R,Ali N,Laszik ZG,Sonnenburg JL,Millar SE,Rosenblum MD

更新日期：2017-04-12 00:00:00

abstract：:Landscape ecology examines the relationships between the spatial arrangement of different landforms and the processes that give rise to spatial and temporal patterns in local community structure. The spatial ecology of the microbial communities that inhabit the human body-in particular, those of the nose, mouth, and t...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Proctor DM,Relman DA

更新日期：2017-04-12 00:00:00

abstract：:Dengue hemorrhagic fever is shown to correlate with secondary infection with a virus serotype different from the previous infection. However, only a small fraction of secondary infections leads to hemorrhagic fever. A recent Science paper suggests that the fucosylation state and isotype of IgGs elicited in patients ma...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Lok SM

更新日期：2017-03-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Here I revisit our early experiments published in Cell Host & Microbe (Turnbaugh et al., 2008) showing that a diet rich in fat and simple sugars alters the gut microbiome in a manner that contributes to host adiposity, and reflect upon the remarkable advances and remaining challenges in this field. ...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Turnbaugh PJ

更新日期：2017-03-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Genome degradation correlates with host adaptation and systemic disease in Salmonella. Most lineages of the S. enterica subspecies Typhimurium cause gastroenteritis in humans; however, the recently emerged ST313 lineage II pathovar commonly causes systemic bacteremia in sub-Saharan Africa. ST313 lineage II displays ge...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Carden SE,Walker GT,Honeycutt J,Lugo K,Pham T,Jacobson A,Bouley D,Idoyaga J,Tsolis RM,Monack D

更新日期：2017-02-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Intracellular pathogens manipulate host organelles to support replication within cells. For Legionella pneumophila, the bacterium translocates proteins that establish an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated replication compartment. We show here that the bacterial Sde proteins target host reticulon 4 (Rtn4) to control...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Kotewicz KM,Ramabhadran V,Sjoblom N,Vogel JP,Haenssler E,Zhang M,Behringer J,Scheck RA,Isberg RR

更新日期：2017-02-08 00:00:00

abstract：:While the vaginal ecosystem is maintained through mutualistic relationships between the host and the vaginal bacteria, the effect of host genetics on the vaginal microbiota has not been well characterized. We examined the heritability of vaginal microbiota and its association with obesity in 542 Korean females, includ...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Si J,You HJ,Yu J,Sung J,Ko G

更新日期：2017-01-11 00:00:00

abstract：:A family of apicomplexa-specific proteins containing AP2 DNA-binding domains (ApiAP2s) was identified in malaria parasites. This family includes sequence-specific transcription factors that are key regulators of development. However, functions for the majority of ApiAP2 genes remain unknown. Here, a systematic knockou...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Modrzynska K,Pfander C,Chappell L,Yu L,Suarez C,Dundas K,Gomes AR,Goulding D,Rayner JC,Choudhary J,Billker O

更新日期：2017-01-11 00:00:00

abstract：:RIG-I detects double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) to trigger antiviral cytokine production. Protein deamidation is emerging as a post-translational modification that chiefly regulates protein function. We report here that UL37 of herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) is a protein deamidase that targets RIG-I to block RNA-induced act...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Zhao J,Zeng Y,Xu S,Chen J,Shen G,Yu C,Knipe D,Yuan W,Peng J,Xu W,Zhang C,Xia Z,Feng P

更新日期：2016-12-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Viruses have evolved a remarkable array of strategies to escape the host's innate immune responses. In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Zhao et al. (2016b) reveal a viral strategy to inactivate RIG-I signaling that relies on deamidation of RIG-I. ...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Garcin D

更新日期：2016-12-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Surface-associated TRAP (thrombospondin-related anonymous protein) family proteins are conserved across the phylum of apicomplexan parasites. TRAP proteins are thought to play an integral role in parasite motility and cell invasion by linking the extracellular environment with the parasite submembrane actomyosin motor...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Bargieri DY,Thiberge S,Tay CL,Carey AF,Rantz A,Hischen F,Lorthiois A,Straschil U,Singh P,Singh S,Triglia T,Tsuboi T,Cowman A,Chitnis C,Alano P,Baum J,Pradel G,Lavazec C,Ménard R

更新日期：2016-11-09 00:00:00

abstract：:Modification of the intestinal microbiome is an emerging target to improve health and prevent or treat a number of diseases. In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Maldonado-Gómez et al. (2016) uncover the basic principles that govern the successful establishment and persistence of an exogenously introduced gut bacteri...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Berry D

更新日期：2016-10-12 00:00:00

abstract：:The intracellular microbial nucleic acid sensors, TLR3 and STING, recognize pathogen molecules and signal to activate the interferon pathway. The TIR-domain containing protein TRIF is the sole adaptor of TLR3. Here, we report an essential role for TRIF in STING signaling: various activators of STING could not induce g...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Wang X,Majumdar T,Kessler P,Ozhegov E,Zhang Y,Chattopadhyay S,Barik S,Sen GC

更新日期：2016-09-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Recognition of peptidoglycan is integral to detection of gram-positive bacterial pathogens. In a recent issue of Cell, Wolf et al. (2016) report that detection of the N-acetylglucosamine component of peptidoglycan by the glycolytic enzyme hexokinase activates the NLRP3 inflammasome, revealing an intriguing interplay b...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Hampton H,Hutcheon C,Subramanian N

更新日期：2016-08-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Pathogenic H7N9 avian influenza viruses continue to represent a public health concern, and several candidate vaccines are currently being developed. It is vital to assess if protective antibodies are induced following vaccination and to characterize the diversity of epitopes targeted. Here we characterized the binding...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Henry Dunand CJ,Leon PE,Huang M,Choi A,Chromikova V,Ho IY,Tan GS,Cruz J,Hirsh A,Zheng NY,Mullarkey CE,Ennis FA,Terajima M,Treanor JJ,Topham DJ,Subbarao K,Palese P,Krammer F,Wilson PC

更新日期：2016-06-08 00:00:00

abstract：:The ongoing epidemic of Zika virus (ZIKV) illustrates the importance of flaviviruses as emerging human pathogens. All vector-borne flaviviruses studied thus far have to overcome type I interferon (IFN) to replicate and cause disease in vertebrates. The mechanism(s) by which ZIKV antagonizes IFN signaling is unknown. H...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Grant A,Ponia SS,Tripathi S,Balasubramaniam V,Miorin L,Sourisseau M,Schwarz MC,Sánchez-Seco MP,Evans MJ,Best SM,García-Sastre A

更新日期：2016-06-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Viral latency can be considered a metastable, nonproductive infection state that is capable of subsequent reactivation to repeat the infection cycle. Viral latent infections have numerous associated pathologies, including cancer, birth defects, neuropathy, cardiovascular disease, chronic inflammation, and immunologica...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Lieberman PM

更新日期：2016-05-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent epidemics of Zika virus (ZIKV) have brought increasing concerns of heightened disease severity and neurotropism. In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Lazear et al. (2016) and Bayer et al. (2016) show that innate immunity can restrict ZIKV infection and disease development. ...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Xie X,Shan C,Shi PY

更新日期：2016-05-11 00:00:00

abstract：:The difficulty in detecting rare infected cells immediately after mucosal HIV transmission has hindered our understanding of the initial cells targeted by the virus. Working with the macaque simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) vaginal challenge model, we developed methodology to identify discrete foci of SIV (mac239) ...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Stieh DJ,Matias E,Xu H,Fought AJ,Blanchard JL,Marx PA,Veazey RS,Hope TJ

更新日期：2016-04-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Although the replicative life cycle of HIV within CD4 T cells is understood in molecular detail, less is known about how this human retrovirus promotes the loss of CD4 T lymphocytes. It is this cell death process that drives clinical progression to acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Recent studies have highli...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Doitsh G,Greene WC

更新日期：2016-03-09 00:00:00

abstract：:Systemic fungal infections trigger marked immune-regulatory disturbances, but the mechanisms are poorly understood. We report that the pathogenic yeast of Blastomyces dermatitidis elaborates dipeptidyl-peptidase IVA (DppIVA), a close mimic of the mammalian ectopeptidase CD26, which modulates critical aspects of hemato...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Sterkel AK,Lorenzini JL,Fites JS,Subramanian Vignesh K,Sullivan TD,Wuthrich M,Brandhorst T,Hernandez-Santos N,Deepe GS Jr,Klein BS

更新日期：2016-03-09 00:00:00

abstract：:Cell-autonomous defense mechanisms are potent strategies that protect individual cells against intracellular pathogens. The Rab-family GTPase Rab32 was previously shown to restrict the intracellular human pathogen Salmonella Typhi, but its potential broader role in antimicrobial defense remains unknown. We show that R...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Spanò S,Gao X,Hannemann S,Lara-Tejero M,Galán JE

更新日期：2016-02-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Microbial CRISPR-Cas acts as a defense, but also as a gatekeeper controlling the flow of new genes into microbial genomes. In a recent Cell paper, Jiang et al. (2016) uncover the functional importance of transcription-dependent RNA targeting in type III-A CRISPR-Cas antiviral defense and provide insight into the co-ev...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Whitaker RJ,Vanderpool CK

更新日期：2016-02-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Mutations in the autophagy gene EPG5 are linked to the multisystem human disease Vici syndrome, which is characterized in part by pulmonary abnormalities, including recurrent infections. We found that Epg5-deficient mice exhibited elevated baseline innate immune cellular and cytokine-based lung inflammation and were r...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Lu Q,Yokoyama CC,Williams JW,Baldridge MT,Jin X,DesRochers B,Bricker T,Wilen CB,Bagaitkar J,Loginicheva E,Sergushichev A,Kreamalmeyer D,Keller BC,Zhao Y,Kambal A,Green DR,Martinez J,Dinauer MC,Holtzman MJ,Crouch EC

更新日期：2016-01-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Long before the cause was discovered, peptic ulcers were known to occur preferentially in individuals of certain blood groups. In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Moonens et al. (2016) perform structural analyses of the Helicobacter pylori adhesin BabA to determine how the bacteria discriminately bind different bloo...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Sweeney EG,Guillemin K

更新日期：2016-01-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Blockade of immune checkpoint molecules, a group of molecules normally involved in maintaining self-tolerance and limiting T cell responses, has emerged as a breakthrough in cancer therapy. Two recent studies published in Science show that, in mice, gut commensal microbes promote antitumor immunity and may determine t...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Gorjifard S,Goldszmid RS

更新日期：2015-12-09 00:00:00

abstract：:Enteric pathogens must overcome intestinal defenses to establish infection. In Drosophila, the ERK signaling pathway inhibits enteric virus infection. The intestinal microflora also impacts immunity but its role in enteric viral infection is unknown. Here we show that two signals are required to activate antiviral ERK...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Sansone CL,Cohen J,Yasunaga A,Xu J,Osborn G,Subramanian H,Gold B,Buchon N,Cherry S

更新日期：2015-11-11 00:00:00

abstract：:The antimicrobial peptide LL-37 is generated upon proteolytic cleavage of cathelicidin and limits invading pathogens by directly targeting microbial membranes as well as stimulating innate immune cell function. However, some microbes evade LL-37-mediated defense. Notably, group A Streptococcus (GAS) strains belonging ...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： LaRock CN,Döhrmann S,Todd J,Corriden R,Olson J,Johannssen T,Lepenies B,Gallo RL,Ghosh P,Nizet V

更新日期：2015-10-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Although Lactobacilli are generally considered probiotic agents in metazoans, the underlying molecular mechanisms are largely unknown. In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Erkosar et al. (2015) reveal that a Drosophila gut commensal, Lactobacillus plantarum(WJL), promotes animal growth by enhancing the host's capacit...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Park DY,Lee WJ,Jang IH,Lee WJ

更新日期：2015-10-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Intracellular nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) receptors play central roles in human and plant innate immunity. In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Wang et al. (2015) show that a single plant NLR can detect diverse pathogen effectors by partnering with different scaffolding proteins, which can each recog...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Innes RW

更新日期：2015-09-09 00:00:00

abstract：:Toxoplasma gondii, the causative agent of toxoplasmosis, is an intracellular parasite that demonstrates a remarkable ability to adapt to nutrient availability. In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Blume et al. (2015) describe the unique role of a gluconeogenic enzyme in regulation of glucose catabolism in T. gondii. ...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Guggisberg AM,Odom AR

更新日期：2015-08-12 00:00:00

abstract：:During cell entry, non-enveloped viruses undergo partial uncoating to expose membrane lytic proteins for gaining access to the cytoplasm. We report that adenovirus uses membrane piercing to induce and hijack cellular wound removal processes that facilitate further membrane disruption and infection. Incoming adenovirus...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Luisoni S,Suomalainen M,Boucke K,Tanner LB,Wenk MR,Guan XL,Grzybek M,Coskun Ü,Greber UF

更新日期：2015-07-08 00:00:00

abstract：:The intracellular fate of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a subject of long debate. In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, three independent studies reveal the detection of cytosolic mycobacterial DNA by the nucleotidyltransferase cGAS, emphasizing the concept of cytosolic access by M. tuberculosis and its role in balanc...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Majlessi L,Brosch R

更新日期：2015-06-10 00:00:00

abstract：:The intestinal microbiota, which is composed of bacteria, viruses, and micro-eukaryotes, acts as an accessory organ system with distinct functions along the intestinal tract that are critical for health. This review focuses on how the microbiota drives intestinal disease through alterations in microbial community arch...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Wlodarska M,Kostic AD,Xavier RJ

更新日期：2015-05-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Vaccines are needed to combat the global rise in fungal diseases. In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Wüthrich et al. (2015) identify calnexin as a target of antigen-specific CD4 T cell responses against multiple fungal pathogens. This study illustrates that a conserved epitope triggers convergent cell-mediated immu...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Rivera A,Hohl TM

更新日期：2015-04-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Influenza viruses of animals can cross species and infect humans. In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Zhang et al. (2015) and Tzarum et al. (2015) describe crystal structures and receptor-binding properties of hemagglutinins of avian-origin H10N8 and H6N1 influenza viruses. Human infections with these viruses are no...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Richard M,Fouchier RAM

更新日期：2015-03-11 00:00:00

abstract：:The liver-specific microRNA, miR-122, stabilizes hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA genomes by recruiting host argonaute 2 (AGO2) to the 5' end and preventing decay mediated by exonuclease Xrn1. However, HCV replication requires miR-122 in Xrn1-depleted cells, indicating additional functions. We show that miR-122 enhances HC...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Masaki T,Arend KC,Li Y,Yamane D,McGivern DR,Kato T,Wakita T,Moorman NJ,Lemon SM

更新日期：2015-02-11 00:00:00

abstract：:The ability of the gut epithelium to defend against pathogens while tolerating harmless commensal organisms remains an important puzzle. In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Lee et al. (2015) reveal how pathogen-secreted uracil acts at two steps to induce ROS via the Hedgehog pathway. ...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Bier E,Nizet V

更新日期：2015-02-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Antigenic diversity has posed a critical barrier to vaccine development against the pathogenic blood-stage infection of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. To date, only strain-specific protection has been reported by trials of such vaccines in nonhuman primates. We recently showed that P. falciparum ret...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Douglas AD,Baldeviano GC,Lucas CM,Lugo-Roman LA,Crosnier C,Bartholdson SJ,Diouf A,Miura K,Lambert LE,Ventocilla JA,Leiva KP,Milne KH,Illingworth JJ,Spencer AJ,Hjerrild KA,Alanine DG,Turner AV,Moorhead JT,Edgel KA,Wu

更新日期：2015-01-14 00:00:00

abstract：:The HIV-1 accessory protein Vpr enhances infection of primary macrophages through unknown mechanisms. Recent studies demonstrated that Vpr interactions with the cellular DCAF1-DDB1-CUL4 E3 ubiquitin ligase complex limit activation of innate immunity and interferon (IFN) induction. We describe a restriction mechanism t...

journal_title：Cell host & microbe

authors： Mashiba M,Collins DR,Terry VH,Collins KL

更新日期：2014-12-10 00:00:00